The History of the Sony Walkman

The History of the Sony Walkman As per Sony, In 1979, a domain in close to home versatile amusement was made with the brilliant premonition of Sony Founder and Chief Advisor, the late Masaru Ibuka, and Sony Founder and Honorary Chairman Akio Morita. It started with the development of the principal tape Walkman TPS-L2 that eternity changed the manner in which purchasers tune in to music. The engineers of the first Sony Walkman were Kozo Ohsone, head supervisor of the Sony Tape Recorder Business Division, and his staff, under the sponsorship and proposals of Ibuka and Morita. Presentation of Cassette Tapes, a New Medium In 1963, Philips Electronics planned another sound chronicle medium - the tape. Philips protected the new innovation in 1965 and made it accessible for nothing out of pocket to producers everywhere throughout the world. Sony and different organizations started structuring new reduced and compact recording devices and players to exploit the tape tapes littler size. Sony Pressman Sony Walkman In 1978, Masaru Ibuka mentioned that Kozo Ohsone, head supervisor of the Tape Recorder Business Division, start chip away at a sound system adaptation of the Pressman, the little, monaural recording device that Sony had propelled in 1977. Akio Moritas Reaction to the Modified Pressman This is the item that will fulfill those youngsters who need to tune in to music throughout the day. Theyll take it wherever with them, and they wont think about record capacities. On the off chance that we put a playback-just earphone sound system like this available, itll be a hit. - Akio Morita, February 1979, Sony Headquarters Sony developed the conservative and amazingly lightweight H-AIR MDR3 earphones for their new tape player. Around then, earphones burdened normal between 300 to 400 grams, the H-AIR earphones weighed only 50 grams with equivalent sound quality. The name Walkman was a characteristic movement from Pressman. The Launch of the Sony Walkman On June 22, 1979, the Sony Walkman was propelled in Tokyo. Columnists were blessed to receive a surprising question and answer session. They were taken to Yoyogi (a significant park in Tokyo) and given a Walkman to wear. As indicated by Sony, The writers tuned in to a clarification of the Walkman in surround sound, while Sony staff individuals completed different showings of the item. The tape the writers were tuning in to requested that they take a gander at specific shows, including a youngster and lady tuning in to a Walkman while riding on a two-person bike. By 1995, complete creation of Walkman units arrived at 150 million and more than 300 diverse Walkman models have been delivered to date.

ECON Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ECON - Essay Example Looking at answers of An and B over, the open door expenses of extra 20,000 tons of coal at point B is C. more noteworthy than the open door expenses of extra 20,000 tons of coal at point A. This reflects D. the law of expanding opportunity costs. On the off chance that dirt quality is improved, the underlying creation plausibility wilderness move from left to directly as appeared constantly new creation probability outskirts in chart 2 with a red bend. So the new bend speaking to impacts of progress of soil is the red bend. D. In the event that Jack gets another instrument to deliver twice the same number of trains every hour as before without influencing his capacity to create drums, the creation probability outskirts conform to one side as demonstrated as follows. In the event that both two nations, Greece and Denmark produce oil and wine, the open door cost of Greece delivering a jug of wine is 3 barrels of oil, while the open door cost of Denmark creating a container of wine is 8 barrels of oil. C. On the off chance that Greece and Denmark consider exchanging wine and oil with one another, Greece can pick up from specialization as long as it can gets multiple barrels of oil for each jug of wine it fares to Denmark. C. In the event that Freedonia and Sylvania spends significant time underway of merchandise for which every ha relative preferred position, together, the two nations can deliver C. 12 million pounds of tea and D. 16 million pounds of potatoes. Furthermore, If the main bill acquainted orders multiplying of security with increment likelihood of getting a fear monger from 10% to 20% without changing situation of the blue bend, the open door cost of expanded security is A. 15 million guests for every year given that underlying quantities of guests were 55 million at a security of 10%. 2.3 The main bill acquainted orders multiplying of security with increment likelihood of getting a fear based oppressor from 10% to 20%, a circumstance which isn't good to a few. Accordingly, one delegate acquainted a bill with increment security by extra 10% from 20% to

1980 MGM Fire and Fire Codes Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

1980 MGM Fire and Fire Codes - Case Study Example Fig.1 shows the site plan of the lodging. It had 26 stories structured sumptuously. Ground floor had the Casino, cafés, showrooms and an assembly hall and upper degree of the jai alai fronton. The underneath grade level had the lower level of the jai alai fronton, a cinema, a few shops and boutiques, administration zones, and underground stopping. There were 2076 visitor rooms and another 780 visitor rooms under development on the west side of the structure. Inn structure had fire-resistive, ensured non-ignitable and unprotected non-flammable sections. Both ignitable and non-flammable materials were utilized for inside completion. Fire sprinklers were introduced distinctly in some significant parts and each zone was not secured for fire. Some portion of the 26th floor, the arcade level, show zones, showrooms and a few cafés on the gambling club level were secured while the gambling club and tower were not ensured with fire sprinklers. A manual alarm framework was available in the i nn. The visitor room floors had manual draw stations. The caution framework had chimes and open location ability. There was no programmed recognition framework introduced in the structure (National Fire Protection Association, 1980).... Security attempted to put off the fire however it was gigantic to the point that the Clark County local group of fire-fighters must be reached at around 7.15 a.m. (National Fire Protection Association, 1980). Fig.2 and Fig. 3 shows the fire greatness at MGM Grand. Fig. 2 (MGM, 2008) The MGM Grand - see from the edge of Las Vegas Blvd and Flamingo Rd Fig 3 (MGM, 2008) The MGM Grand Fire - looking toward North-East from I-15 As indicated by the local group of fire-fighters fire broke out because of an electrical issue in a flammable secured space close to a pie case in the eatery. Nearness of burnable inside completion and other material like pressed wood, plastic, paper, wooden enlivening individuals and froth plastic cushioning of seats and stalls in the Deli helped fire spread rapidly and arrive at a wild size. There was no security in the way for the fire to spread to the Casino. Flammable inside completion, goods, other wooden and plastic materials like froth cushioning and moldings present in the Casino put in more fuel in the fire. Stream of air was additionally enough for the fire to swell (National Fire Protection Association, 1980). Inside 15 minutes of its identification fire had gobbled up an enormous region including the Deli, the Casino and porte cocher on the west finish of the structure. Warmth and smoke ascending to the upper floors informed visitors of the issue on the ground floors. Helicopters, firemen, development laborers and bystanders had the option to spare numerous individuals. Individuals who gave their direction a shot through rooftops and different ways out were safeguarded while others hung tight in their spaces for help. Inn was cleared totally in 4 hours. 84 individuals kicked the bucket in the sad occurrence. 14 individuals kicked the bucket on the Casino level, 29 in rooms, 21 in

How to Choose Freud Essay Topics

How to Choose Freud Essay Topics This phase is important in the growth of social and communication abilities and self-confidence. Each stage is centered on another body part or particular function. It represented a different sexual energy and was focused on certain areas of the body. The next stage is known as the stage of Latency. Who Else Wants to Learn About Freud Essay Topics? The ego's major function is to receive things done, especially in regards to satisfying the demands of the id and society. The third part is ego that is represented by somebody's conscience mind. Because of this a number of the things an individual says unintentionally are nicknamed Freudian slips. Just as it sounds, everything inside this stage is centered on the mouth. Additionally, it comes immediately he started to explore the several facets of the unconscious mind such as the `id'. The id is presently directing all its focus to getting pleasure. It is the most primitive part of our personality. It is often irrelevant to the reality because an individual may want something that is unachievable at the moment. In reality, the Superego goes past the reason and rationalism of the Ego to come up with a strategy to satisfy basic needs of someone. Ego defenses aren't necessarily unhealthy since you can see by the examples above. Thus, the idea of reason is formed. The idea of religion is regarded as an illusion. The cost of an essay is dependent upon the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. It is wise to look for the one which has a very good reputation and offers high-quality papers at very affordable rates. Sometimes is pretty challenging to write when you see only a blank page facing you. The specific paper overview centers on the essence of religion. Freud Essay Topics Explained Freud also explains, the ego ideal might be the origin of the voice reported in mental patients, which is frequently reportedly critical of the person. According to Freud, the disparity and maturation of the id, ego and the superego, determines somebody's behavior in a specific situation, which then ends in the evolution of the personality. After the ego cannot satisfy the requirements of both the ID and the superego it can get overwhelmed. The id is connected to biological needs like hunger, thirst, sex and so forth. This is because it causes an excessive amount of conflict within the person. Since birth, the presence of sexual drives can be recognized among the most significant incentives of life. Many of Freuds contributions can be discovered in crucially important problems. He further argues that for the person and the species to survive, there's a demand for keeping up a delicate balance between both libidos. T o put it differently, if there isn't any way to disprove a theory's findings, it can't be scientific, and should the observations lead you to additional insight about the topic that could be proven with specific benefits, then you are in possession of a true scientific theory. You must be proficient in the topic, have an overall idea about the chosen issue and figure out how to get the best arguments to demonstrate your thesis. As a result, the student should not skip over this theory, even when theory doesn't play a massive part in contemporary studies of personality. Therefore, many students and employees decide to acquire inexpensive essay rather than writing it themselves. Its principal job is to keep the ego in check and make certain that actions are socially acceptable. It is very important to be aware that it is among his most technical works. Thus, the experience of a person is vital for the formation of their personality. Students' prior knowledge is a significant d eterminant of what it is that they will learn. What You Should Do to Find Out About Freud Essay Topics Before You're Left Behind Additional Freud's father died four decades before the publication. When you haven't read Freud before, you would be astounded at the emphasis on only the word sex alone. Psychoanalysis for a therapy. The Key to Successful Freud Essay Topics The end result is that the personality of the individual gets infected and they cannot function properly in society. Freud sees that the unconscious, id part is the bottom portion of the iceberg, beneath the sea hidden away and we aren't always conscious of it however, it's still there. Jung believed that each and every dream ought to be taken as an immediate expression of the dreamer's unconscious, and only to be understood within this light. The super ego represents the correct and wrongs, the positive and negative of the society to every individual above their lifetime.

Online Education Is A Type Of Distance Learning - 1022 Words

Online education is a type of distance learning. The student is taking courses without attending a school or university. Instead, online students and teachers interact over the Internet. Online classes can teach students educational responsibility. By forcing them to access the online portal to participate in reading the textbook/lectures and doing the assignments. Technical abilities are also learned with online classes. Students who lack the tech savvy knowledge can learn how to navigate through the online environment. Being able to access the online portal at any given time of the day is one other benefit to online education. Though online education may seem beneficial, there are more negatives than positives. Less direct contact, time†¦show more content†¦There is a lot of poor communication in online classes. There will be students who will never email the instructors for more details about an assignment, or, there will be older students who don’t know how to ema il the instructors for more details. If the student doesn’t understand an assignment, and never emails to ask for more details, can result in a poor grade for the lack of knowledge in knowing what they’re doing. There’s one final drawback to not having social interactions with instructors; Students can potentially miss out on building relationships that can result in helpful guidance and recommendation letters down the road when needed. Students who are prone to procrastination will have a difficult time adjusting to online classes. Hours of work are necessary to get through all of the materials, including course lectures, educational videos, assignments, projects, assigned textbook reading and discussions. For students who are getting an online degree, especially an online master’s degree, require a greater amount of work. The positive of online classes is being able to access the class in some free time. Most online classes, though, require work to be turned in on certain days and times. Which makes it harder for students to remember when assignments need to be done. The pleasure of the instructor reading/lecturing the textbook material out loud won’t be there. It takes time to read thoroughly

Public Presence Of Prostitution Public Stigma And Moral...

Public Presence of Prostitution The public stigma and moral taint associated with sex works, makes the location and public presence of sex work heavily disputed. When first introduced, concerns were raised regarding whether acknowledging sex work as a legal occupation would increase the number of sex workers (New Zealand Government 2012). Research, however, suggests that there has been no significant increase in the number of sex workers post-decriminalisation (Abel, Fitzgerald, Brunton 2007). Though it has not increased the number of sex workers, it has allowed the sex industry to step out of the shadows. Sex workers can now approach clients in public places as soliciting is no longer a criminal offense (Armstrong 2014). Though this is extremely beneficial for street worker who can now spend more time screening their clients (Armstrong 2014), it has not necessarily been to the public’s pleasing. Street workers still experience a significant amount of harassment by the public (Armstrong 2016). Brothels have also experienced some disputes regarding their locations. Between 2004 and 2011 there were 914 operators’ certificates granted in New Zealand (New Zealand Government 2012). The PRA itself does not place any limitations regarding the location of brothels but give territorial authorities power to make by-laws concerning the location of brothels (Abel 2014). There have been reported some cases where local authorities have attempted to severely limit the placement onShow MoreRelatedEssay on Legalisation of Prostitution in Queensland2521 Words   |  11 PagesOriginally derived from the Latin word situere, meaning to offer for sale, prostitution describes the offering and provision of sexual services for financial gain. Pickles, (n.d), further describes prostitution as the carrying on of a trade or business by a person who submits her/himself to another for gain or hire for the provision of sexual services. According to the Australian Institute of Family 2008, sex work is broadl y defined as the exchange of sexual services (including oral sex, vaginalRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesTaboo No More?) †¢ New feature: glOBalization! †¢ New Myth or Science? (â€Å"We Are Better Judges of When Others Are Happy Than When They Are Sad†) †¢ Revised introduction to the topic †¢ Review of research on moods and employee attachment †¢ New section on â€Å"moral emotions† †¢ Discussion of emotion regulation strategies and their consequences †¢ New research on gender and emotions †¢ Updated content on emotional displays at work †¢ New section on Emotional Intelligence, with substantially more coverage and a new

Tourism and Hospitality free essay sample

E-tourism or electronic tourism is a part of electronic trade which involves with various technologies including information and communication sector, marketing sector, strategic planning and so forth (Waghmode and Jamsandekar, 2013). Buhalis (2003), mentioned, e-tourism is nothing but the digitisation of processes and value chains in travel, tourism, catering and hospitality industry. Moreover, it is one of the most vital sectors of e-business engaging online booking/orders, marketing, sales processes etc. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is one of the major advancements which has been transforming the global tourism and hospitality industry dramatically. It makes the industry more efficient, competitive and reachable to the customers. It brings benefits for both the customers and the business as customers get contemporary service from the organisation where as the business receives maximum customer satisfaction. UK economists suggest that the new information and communication technologies (ICTs) have the potential to increase the growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and UK’s productivity. The policy makers also agreed on this regard saying to give the opportunity to every individual, business and community to join fully in the benefits from the transformations brought by the ICTs (Martin, 2004). In this essay, the author will evaluate the role of ICT in the small and medium enterprise (SME) in the hospitality sector from a critical point of view. A series of logical arguments regarding ICTs impact in this large industry will be raised in the main body of this essay. At the same time, ICT’s challenge and opportunities will also be focused in the literature review part. The report will emphasis on the dimensions which ICT brings to the tourism and hospitality industry with the case study of small/medium business. Here the name of the business is Hoxton Hotel, London. With this example of Hoxton Hotel, the author will evaluate how ICT has impacted the organisation. With a proper method he will evaluate the website of the hotel while checking its presence on the social networking sites, Search Engine Optimization (SEO), use of mobile technologies and so forth. There will be discussion on website in the later part. Author’s recommendations and conclusion reflecting the results found will bring an end to the essay. This will be an individual essay however the writer will use others theoretical ideas to enrich his work with proper acknowledgements. Chapter-02: Literature review 2. 1. ICT: The abbreviation of ICT is Information and Communication Technology. However, there is no permanent or universally accepted definition of ICT because of its concepts, applications and methods are changing almost every day (Riley, 2012). They happen so fast but the better way to think about ICT is to judge all the digital technologies which help personnel, organisations. Riley (2012), also mentioned that ICT covers any type of product which electronically may store, retrieve, manipulate, transmit or receive information in digital form such as: computers, digital television, robots, emails and so forth. The use of ICT is increasing sharply everyday and it will remain the same in future. The better use of ICT is now a prerequisite of a successful business. Nowadays, most of the organisations have a separate department which belongs to Information and Communication Technology (ICT). 2. 2. SME: According to European Union (EU) law, SME stands for Small and Medium sized Enterprise. Now, to decide an organisation or a business whether it is small or medium the EU sets up two measurements: a) Employee numbers b) Business turnover or balance sheet total. The organisation categorised in the following way: Company category Employees Turnover OR Balance sheet total Medium-sized 250 ? â‚ ¬ 50 m ? â‚ ¬ 43 m Small 50 ? â‚ ¬ 10 m ? â‚ ¬ 10 m micro 10 ? â‚ ¬ 2 m ? â‚ ¬ 2 m However, those above mentioned figures are only applicable for individual firms in European Union only. There are separate figures for the other parts of the world e. g. Asia, America. If a business is a part of a larger group it may need to include employee//balance sheet/turnover data from that group as well (European Commission, 2013). 2. 3. ICTs in SMTE: Here, SMTE stands for Small and Medium sized Tourism Enterprise. If a small or medium sized business belongs to tourism sector then it is known as SMTE. In this project, the author will be using Hoxton Hotel as a SMTE. This hotel is located in Eastern part of London and famous for its outstanding service to the guest. The interior and exterior of the hotel will impress anybody. As a modern boutique hotel, it adopts ICTs in its various operations. In modern days hospitality operations without ICT just cannot be imagined. ICT revolution in the hospitality industry especially internet has transformed the marketplace more virtual and electronic. It is believed, the increasing use of ICT will enhance the interactivity between the producers and customers resulting improved ability to outclass their traditional competitors and the newcomers (Buhalis and Kaldis, 2008). The first impact started when IBM and American Airlines made SABRE; an airline computing system back in 1953 for automation and networking of distribution channels (Daniele, 2003). Today, because of increasing competition, a business has to come up with more effective strategies. Consequently, businesses are moving towards information and communication technologies to cope with the unstable business environment. Moreover, the quick development and commercialization of ICT in travel, tourism and hospitality sector is prompting hotels and other enterprises to adopt these technologies. It is also believed that ICT will improve the operating efficiencies and will enhance customer satisfaction and reduce costs (Law et al, 2009). Connolly and Olsen (2000) in Shahadev and Islam (2005) mentioned that ICT is the greatest single force effecting various changes in the hotel industry. Buhalis (1998) pointed out this particular trend to both rapid advancements in the technology and rising of customer demands who always seek comfortable, specialized and interactive service, product and communication with principals. Moreover, ICT not only allows the customers to purchase modified tourism and hospitality product but also helping the suppliers by extending, managing and allocating the products without any time boundary and geographical restrictions to help the globalisation. It also provides a podium to the business to access to the world marketplace (Shahadev and Islam, 2005). Leung and Law (2005) said, modern ICT helps the managers in decision making while supporting their regular operations. The invention of Point of Sale (POS) system helps many hospitality outlets (e. g. restaurants) to provide service very quickly while maintaining the exact sales history which will help later to make a business’s buying decisions. Moreover, POS system helps to keep customer’s purchasing record safely for the future uses (Entrepreneur, 2013). Most of the accommodations providers (hotel, motel, lodging houses) have now introduced self check in and checkout process helping the customers to avoid the queue in the reception. Use of keys to enter the room is now old fashion instead outlets are using swipe card. In terms of security, the author of this report believes, the ICT has gone far away. Few years back, hotels were used to keep security guard in the hotel entrance but because of technological development now there is no need of security guard anymore. Invention of Close Circuit Television (CCTV), camera and other devices help the organisations to be secure more than before. Nowadays, hotels are technically equipped in such a way so that the presence any suspicious activity automatically sends message to the local police authority which was used to be done over the telephone few years back (Maggio, 2009). In addition, Porter (2001) stated that ICT pushed businesses to rethink their products, internal process, structure and the relationship with the customer. The development of information and communication technology has reshaped the nature of competition in the market. (Buhalis and Kaldis, 2008). Therefore, researcher thinking of a possibility when only the ICT enabled organisation will be able to exist and grow in the future (Turban et al, 2002 in Buhalis and Kaldis, 2008). Uses of ICT have been dramatically changed in the last decade, thanks to web 2. 0. Web 2. 0 is a business revolution in the computer industry and was termed by O’Reily media in 2004. It marked web 2. 0 as a platform which was caused by the move to the internet and an effort to understand the rules for being success on that new platform. One of the major rules is building applications which connect network effects to be better the more it is being used by people (Neddleman, 2007). Because of fast development in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector, the distribution channel has become even better and ICT shifts the power stability of tourism distribution channels. The use of traditional distribution channels such as travel agencies, tour operator has been reduced but businesses are more interested in e-enabled distribution channels (Barne, Gonzalez and Mugica, 2012). It was first started in the hotel industry during 1970s through computerised reservation system (CRS) and global distribution system (GDS). However, the impacts paced up in the early 1990s after the invention of internet; the hotel industry started to adopt the new technology (Shahdev and Islam, 2005). Afterwards, Destination Management System (DMS) arrived into the scene to contribute the small and medium sized enterprise. According to Frew and Horan (2007) in Waghmode and Jamsandekar (2013), DMS is a system which combines and allocates the tourism product via different distributing channels and at the same time supports the destination  management and marketing sector in a holistic entity by providing strong information and tools. Another remarkable use of ICT in e-tourism is search engine which helps a person to get information in internet in a particular field very quickly. Buhalis and Law (2008), stated consumers are now using search engines increasingly to decide and experien ce their tours and it is happening because of search engine’s carrying capability and the pace of information reclamation. Search Engine Optimization (SEO) is a remarkable technique which helps to rank a business’s website on the top so that it gets more visibility (Hubspot, 2013). Therefore, if someone searches about a related sector, that business’s website will appear on the top. According to Hubspot (2013) SEO is a broader subject of marketing in particular Search Engine Marketing (SEM). SEM involves with two types of searches: Paid search and Organic search. In paid search, an organisation has to pay money to the search engine authority to show the website of the business on the top when someone types the specific or related keywords. On the other hand organic search is not paid and it appears in the search result as well but the location is different. Usually, people tend to look search their desired topic from the first two pages of search results therefore if a company has SEO for its website it can attract more people (Hubspot, 2013). 2. 4. Opportunities of ICTs in SMTE In the recent years, tourism and hospitality industry have emerged as the leading industry in online expenditure thanks to the ICT (Buhalis, 2008). The presence of social media such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn in the company’s website help the business to reach the customers more quickly which is very important form marketing perspective. As people are more interacting with the social networking sites therefore a connection with these sites give a business an extra advantage to know each other. Some reliable travel site such as trip advisor, expedia etc. review and rate a hotel on the basis of customers feedback which assist a hospitality outlet to communicate with customers in an easier way (Powell, Groves and Dimos, 2011). Moreover, ICT has changed the strategic management and marketing of the small and medium enterprise of hospitality industry. Bakos (1991) in Buhalis and Kaldis (2008) mentioned companies which engage technology to improve performance and appreciate the probability of technology for expansion can get several benefits from scheme-wide internet and e-commerce although those two do not change the competition factors but they do affect the resource of competitiveness (Porter 2001, in Buhalis and Kaldis, 2008). Furthermore, ICT is blessed by mobile technology which is another wonder to reach to the customer. The use of smart phone, tablet, i-pad, laptop etc is increasing sharply and different applications are being made nowadays. These applications keep the customer interacting with a business always. Those devices are portable and customer can use them from anyplace whenever they want. Having an app of a particular business on those devices make sure customer are aware of what is going on in that business. For example: Hilton Hotel has an application which allows the customer to know anything about Hilton from room description to even making reservation (Stair and Reynolds, 2012). Cloud computing is another remarkable use of ICT in hospitality industry which allows a business to keep connection with the users at all the time. The term â€Å"cloud computing† refers to an idea where both the business and user can access the applications from any part of the word on demand (Lai, Tam and Chan, 2012). It is an emerging application which targets to share different data, calculations, deals among users. For business, one of the major benefits of having cloud computing is organisation pays little money in regard to computing and network resources rather than investing heavy money on data centres, high skilled workforce, software and other hardware (Lai, Tam and Chan, 2012). It also helps to integrate among different businesses. Besides, internet-enabled distribution process can help an organisation to maintain the link customer demand and supply. ICT’s innovative uses improve the quality of product or service, make the distribution channel stronger and effective, reduce the labour cost and increase the online reservation in the hotel industry rapidly (Sangster, 2001 in Buhalis and Kaldis, 2008). 2. 5. Challenges of adopting ICTs in SMTE Even though ICT is growing at a faster rate however it is facing some barriers especially in the small and medium sized business where investment is not very strong. According to Byrd and Marshall (1997), there is no relationship between ICT and productivity. Few studies also showed negative ICT productivity efforts but it is true that the research within hotel sector was limited on that period. This is probably because the research was carried out long time ago when there were only few ICT applications available (Sigala, 2003). Few of the challenges which organisations are facing to employ ICTs are: Lack of skilled employees is one of the major barriers which SMEs face to implement ICT in their operations. Not everyone can take care of information and communication technologies and more importantly it needs especial care which is only be possible by the skilled workforce. Moreover, those skilled people need enough resources to establish ICT in the company (Alkhalifa, 2011). Lack of awareness of using ICT in the operation is another constraint which impedes an organisation to employ ICT because most of the employees don’t know how to use them or some of them may be even don’t care (Buhalis and Kaldis, 2008). Another major limitation of implementing ICT in small and medium tourism enterprise is high cost. At the initial process, it takes large amount of money to adopt ICTs in a company however most of the SMTEs cannot afford this cost therefore it becomes very difficult to initiate ICTs in their operation (Alkhalifa, 2010). Security and privacy issue is another drawback which obstructs the implementation of ICTs in the organisation. In recent years, data protection and online security have become a major concern for company especially which is based on e-commerce (Alkhalifa, 2010). Online fraud, identity theft are common features of e-commerce. These factors are pushing SMTE from adopting ICTs in the organisation. 2. 6. Website in SMTE A website is nothing but a set of web pages (documents which are accessed via internet). Website of a business means the business has a virtual presence where anyone can look into it via internet. Due to growing uses of ICT, website for a small and medium tourism enterprise has become mandatory especially if it wants to be competitive and exist in the market (Law, Qi and Buhalis, 2010). It is platform of a business where a person can access information of the business in a click. For electronic commerce of a company, a website is prerequisite. Herrero and Martin (2012) said, a tourism business needs a website for three main attributes: information, interactivity and navigability. For an example: through a hotel’s website, one can search information, make online reservation. In business perspective, it is another form of communication with potential customers. A website helps a business to expand by attracting people. However, bad looking website can do the opposite. Therefore, web site design is very important. Small and medium enterprise sometime faces some problems to design a good website. Cost is one of them. As the budget is limited, the business cannot afford to spent a lot money to design the website. Moreover, small and medium business often lacks expert people and IT resource to design a competitive website (Herrero and Martin, 2012). 2. 7. Website evaluation and its importance to SMTE To gain larger market segment and strengthen customer relationship, maintaining an effective website is very important. However, it is also crucial to evaluate the website’s performance in a regular basis. A website evaluation is a process of assessing a website’s effectiveness. In other words, it is the act of deciding a correct and comprehensive set of user needs, making sure that a website delivers useful content which meets the user expectation and establishing accessibility goals (Law, Qi and Buhalis, 2010). For a small and medium tourism enterprise, it is vital to evaluate its website sometimes as it will inform the business about the usefulness, accessibility, functionality of the website. Website evaluation process is done in two ways: quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative method normally produces performance score to inform the quality of the website whereas in qualitative method, the researcher assesses a website without producing any score (Law, Qi and Buhalis, 2010). Chapter-03: Case study As one of the best boutique hotels in London, Hoxton Hotel provides excellent care to the guest. Its stunning design is very impressive. The Hoxton Hotel has seven concepts rooms which are totally unique and are something that customers have never experienced these before (Hoxton hotels, 2013). Figure-01: One of the concept rooms of Hoxton Hotel (Hoxton hotels, 2013). The hotel set a very high standard in terms of delivering excellent customer service ranging from accommodation to exclusive dining facility. Because of its high reputation, The Hoxton Hotel received many awards in recent years as recognition such as: ‘Trip Advisor Travellers Choice Award’, CNBC second best business hotel in UK, Guardian and Observer Travel Awards- Best UK Hotel and many more (Hoxton hotels, 2013). In an interview with the author, Mr. Timothy Griffin (2013) general manager of the hotel said: they use different other ICTs to give the customer best experience possible. Electronic Point Of Selling System (EPOS) helps them to serve the customer in a quick time while keeping the customer record in a safer way. Moreover, use of Property Management System (PMS) helps the organisation to integrate with the back office to improve daily administration including some specific activities e. g. accounting, planning, marketing research and so forth. Moreover, the hotel uses extranet to communicate with other organisation, allowing business partners to distribute information and processes. E-procurement is one major application of extranets which is used by the Hoxton Hotel to integrate various aspects of purchasing process, added by Mr. Griffin (2013). 3. 1. Website evaluation criteria: In this assignment, the learner conducted quantitative method to evaluate the website of Hoxton Hotel. The reasons behind choosing this particular research method are: it helped the researcher to test the variables in a quicker time compare to qualitative Moreover, as the respondent remained anonymous therefore the researcher was able to use sensitive data in quantitative method (Sheragy, 2013). In the evaluation process, the student himself was the assessor where he developed a website evaluation form which is consists of few main points including appearance, content, design, usability etc. The evaluation has been done on the basis of those points. 3. 2. Website evaluation of Hoxton Hotel: a) Appearance is the outlook of the website. It includes the images, colour arrangement, theme, background design, front size of the letters, graphics and so forth. Costello (2012) mentioned, people quickly judge a website whether to visit it second time or not on the basis of appearance. The appearance of the website of Hoxton Hotel was quite beautiful. The total score of appearance is 13 off 15. However, the scholar thought background image could have been better. Besides, using yellow colour in a major part of home page makes a bit awkward for the visitor. b) Another crucial factor to judge a website is content. Content is the provider of information. Kyrnin (2013) said, content is the reason why people visit a webpage. There are two types of content: text and multimedia. For a smooth interactivity it is important to have a good content for the website. In terms of content, according to the evaluator, the website of Hoxton Hotel was one of the best he visited. All the information in the website of Hoxton Hotel was written in simple word which helped the assessor. Moreover, the information was correct and updated. There was presence of social media and fan page which means the hotel was able to connect with its customers and fans. However, more useful information could enrich the webpage. Content received 19 out of 20. c) The third point of evaluating the website was design. A good design of a webpage helps the page to load quickly. It also assists to move from one page to another smoothly (Schneider, 2009). Modern website design relates with few more things such as presence of social networking sites where information can be shared in a flash and a business can know a customer in pretty quick time. This not only helps to contact with the customers but also increasing the website traffic which is very important. For example: if a website is mentioned in different other sites, blog etc it scores higher with the search engine. Thus, a website becomes popular. However, Hoxton Hotel’s website, the assessor believed design of the website needed a little improvement. The reservation page could have been attached in the home page allowing the guests to book or check the price straightway like other better hotels. Addition of significant graphics could have been more interesting. The loading experience for the assessor was mix as it loaded quickly more often but took some time in few occasions as well. Anyway, the pages of the website were interactive and the reviewer found it easier to move from one page to another. There was presence of social media (e. g. Facebook, Twitter) as well. The hotel shares its news including promotional offer through those social networking sites. Design section in the evaluation got 12 marks off 15. d) Accessibility is another term which has been considered while assessing the website. A good website should enable a viewer to access the site smoothly. This includes finding the information as well. Having a search option inside the webpage is also crucial as it aids to get the information very quickly through keywords (Powell, Groves and Dimos, 2011). Search Engine Optimization (SEO) is another issue of accessibility while evaluating a website. To appear the webpage on top in internet it must be optimized with search engine. In this context, the assessor was able to access the webpage of the Hoxton Hotel quite easily and the full mark in this section also represents the statement. Information was accessible in a flash via customised search engine. e) The final segment of the evaluation form was about few general topics such as: presence of any multilingual option, any apps to download for portable devices, use of credible link to other sites and so forth. All of those things are very vital for a good website. However, after the evaluation process the evaluator felt that the website of the Hoxton Hotel required some general improvement as there were few important things missing. Such as: multilingual option for the visitor. Not all the visitor can understand or read English. If the webpage can be converted into few popular different languages it will allow the visitors to understand the information pretty quickly and they will have better experience. The website was also missing applications for the portable devices e.  g. mobile, tablet. These applications help the customers to get the latest information regarding the hotel. People can access information from any part of the world at any time through these apps. An example can be Hilton hotel (Hilton, 2013). Even though Hoxton Hotel’s website is a user friendly website but it needs a certification from the website regulator ensuring the visitors that they are in a safe site w here their information are protected. Radisson practices this and its website is TRUSTe certified (Radisson, 2013). Moreover, the assessor has found the absence of significant and credible link of other sites in the webpage apart from trip advisor and social networking sites. Because of all those limitations, the general section received only 8 out of 20 which are really poor mark indeed. Finally when the all the section-wise marks were added, the evaluator found the overall mark was 62 out of 80 which he classed as â€Å"fair†. The full classification of marks and the web site evaluation form of Hoxton Hotel’s website is attached in the appendix section. Chapter-04: Conclusion and recommendations After assessing all the literatures, examples the student comes into a conclusion that it is almost impossible for a business to run its operation without the assistance of information and communication technology. Because of growing competition in the market and customers awareness of product it is regardless about the size of the business, what is most important is how the service is. Modern hospitality businesses e. g. hotel sector are so much ICT dependent and people can easily view and book their rooms without going to the hotel physically. Being ICT reliant, small and medium tourism enterprise can achieve an extra edge in terms of service. On the other hand, online review from previous customers, rating system made life easier than before for the potential customer for a hotel. However, for a small and medium tourism enterprise, it is always difficult for them to introduce sufficient ICTs from the beginning point as it needs high maintenance resources (skilled staff and equipments). Given the financial concern for those kinds of businesses it is a tough reality. Lack of awareness among the staff of an organisation also contributes to setback ICT application. Nevertheless, those problems will always be in the small and medium tourism enterprises but they can be lessened with following some steps. Here, the author comes up with some recommendations: Increasing ICT awareness in the organisation ranging from owner to floor level workers. If the employees are aware of the ICT usefulness, it will be easier for the business to adopt the technology. Staff can be trained in ICT rather than outsourcing IT expert. This will help to reduce the staff cost significantly. Moreover, own staff of the organisation will look after the ICT system more carefully than the outside people. They will monitor the website regularly and can work to improve the design of the website. Increasing budget for the ICTs. This can be achieved by counselling the owner(s) of the business about the importance of introducing ICTs in the company. They can also be advised about the importance of social media marketing, SEO, mobile applications etc. Business needs to take extra care of privacy and security aspects of ICT. Company has to make sure it has the link only with reliable sites. Introduction of multilingual option can enrich the website of a business.

The Beatles To This Day Are One Of The Most Famous And Essay Example For Students

The Beatles To This Day Are One Of The Most Famous And Essay popular rock n roll groups in the world. The Beatlesinclude George Harrison, John Lennon(1940-1980), PaulMcCartney, and Richard Starkey(Ringo Starr). All of theBeatles where born and raised in Liverpool, England. JohnLennon was considered the leader of the band. GeorgeHarrison was the lead guitarist. John Lennon was a songwriter, one of the two lead singers, and rhythm guitarist. Paul McCartney was a song writer, one of the two leadsingers, and a bassist. Ringo Starr played the drums. John Lennons first band was called the Quarrymen (namedafter his High School). None of the three Beatles were inthis band. Paul joined the group in 1957 and Harrisonjoined in 1958. They played with bass guitarist SutSutcliffe, and Pete Best, a drummer. Sutcliffe left in 1961and Ringo Starr joined the band. Pete Best was asked toleave the band on April 16, 1962. He was considered theBeatles undisputed sex symbol. The Beatles were discoveredon November 9, 1961 by Brian Epstein, a manager of a recordstore in Liverpool as well as an x British Army soldier. We will write a custom essay on The Beatles To This Day Are One Of The Most Famous And specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Beatles first two song were Love Me Do andPlease, Please Me. The Beatles starred in two movies, AHard Days Night, and Help. They also had their own fulllength cartoon called Yellow Submarine. The movie A HardDays Night earned 1.3 million dollars in its first week. The Beatles early music was influenced by singers ChuckBerry and Elvis Presley. In November of 1963 the Beatles performed in front ofthe Queen of England. This was an incredible honor. By theend of 1963 the Beatles were the biggest music group inEngland. The Beatles came to New York City for the firsttime in 1964. They were an instant success. A couple ofweeks later after their New York appearance, the five bestselling records were by the Beatles. They became worldfamous by the end of 1964. Also in 1964 the song I Want ToHold Your Hand marked the beginning of BEATLEMANIA.The Beatles were unusual because most rock was strongbeat with no melody. The Beatles added melody to rock. TheBeatles also added strong and meaningful lyrics. John Lennonwrote a book called In His Own Write. The Beatles starteda new era of music. They wore their hair long and shaggy. This haircut was known as the Beatles haircut. All acrossthe world people started wearing their hair like theBeatles. John Lennon described the Beatles like this When yousaid it, it was crawly things, when you read it, it was beatmusic. The Beatles made their last stage appearancetogether in 1966. In 1967 the Beatles put together a masterpiece. The master piece was Sergeant Peppers Lonely HeartClub Band. The Beatles never had a chance to performSergeant Peppers Lonely Heart Club Band. Also in 1967 BrianEpstein, the manager of the Beatles, died. Also in 1967 theBeatles directed a movie, Magical Mystery Tour. The moviewas about themselves in which they toured the Englishcountryside in search of wonder, fun, and magic. In 1970 the world famous and world loved Beatlesseparated. Everybody was hoping to see the Beatles comeback together. That hope ended when the peace loving JohnLennon was killed outside his New York City apartment by 25year old Mark David Chapman.

A cost benefit analysis of the environmental and economic effects of Nuclear Energy in the United States

A cost benefit analysis of the environmental and economic effects of Nuclear Energy in the United States Overview There are myriad environmental benefits presented by the production and use of nuclear energy. Studies on this fuel have indicated that it has a negligible contribution to global warming since there are no emissions of greenhouse gases.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on A cost benefit analysis of the environmental and economic effects of Nuclear Energy in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, other toxic gaseous compounds such as oxides of sulfur and nitrogen are not emitted in nuclear reactor plants or in points of consumption. In any case, the process entailed in the conversion of nuclear energy to electric energy does not involve any combustion of solid or liquid substances that may be injurious to the environment. Hence, in a conventional sense, no single substance undergoes the process of incineration as it is common with other types of fuels. Besides, the production of heat in nuclear plants is due to fission of radioactive substances but not through the process of oxidation. The quantity of fuels spent in nuclear reactors is almost the same amount of end products (energy) produced by the reactor. This implies that there is minimal loss of energy to the environment in form of waste products. The fuels that have been spent are not let free to the environment but are stored in the assembly points within the reactor. Contrary to the production of energy using fossil fuels, all the solid wastes and particulate matter in nuclear reactors are not disposed to the ambient environment.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although wastes generated from nuclear plants are not emitted freely to the surrounding environment, the impact of releasing such wastes would be disastrous if it were permitted. The reason behind, is the fact that n uclear plants produce an assortment of waste products that are more risky to the environment than fossil fuels. For instance, solid wastes generated from the reactor system may be highly toxic when exposed to living environment. Moreover, there are quite a number of process chemicals that would pose serious threat to fauna and flora if it were emitted to the environment. There is also excessive steam emanating from heated water that as well as spent fuel that contain traces of radioactive substances harmful to life. Nonetheless, there is a distinction between the amount of electric energy produced and the mass of waste products, which is rather small. Therefore, the impact to the environment may not be similar in magnitude to the use of fossil fuels. Moreover, the plant operators have the full control of the harmful wastes being generated. The waste control measure involves variety of individuals and agencies such as plant managers, owners of the nuclear reactors as well as the Depa rtment of Energy. There are stringent measures taken to ascertain that no waste materials fins their way to the environment until the last stage of disposal.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on A cost benefit analysis of the environmental and economic effects of Nuclear Energy in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is also imperative to note that spent fuel from nuclear waste is primarily radioactive in nature. On the other hand, a very small fraction of waste materials from fossil fuels contain radioactive substances. In both cases though, solid wastes can substantially spoil the environment. The nature of damage posed to the environment depends on the nature of the nuclear plant being used and also the extraction process of fossil fuel themselves. Quite often, the management of wastes from nuclear reactors is undertaken up to the disposal phase. However, it is not quite easy to manage partic ulate matter and stack gases from fossil fuels before they are released from the fuel production system. The fact the gaseous waste products are dealt with well after they have been released increases the risk of exposure of these toxic substances to human, animal and plant life. Although it is possible to manage fossil fuel wastes either partially or fully, the process may prove to be costly both in terms of setting up waste management systems within fossil fuel pant establishments in addition to emanating the systems to remain effective and efficient in disposing wastes. On the same note, operators who run nuclear plants have the responsibility of ensuring that appropriate systems are installed within the nuclear reactors to eliminate or control wastes generated during the radioactive processes and reactions. Hence, the cost of controlling wastes through building of structures cannot be evaded by either fossil fuel or nuclear plant operators. Furthermore, it is also pertinent to m ake controversial decisions regarding the most applicable waste control measures to adopt.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To this end, the cost-benefit analysis on environmental impact of nuclear energy compared to other forms of energy relies heavily on the waste value attached on each type of pant used to generate energy resources. For example, airborne wastes originating from nuclear power are largely eliminated before being exposed to the environment. The minimal volume of radioactive wastes generated from nuclear reactors is indeed advantageous in terms of cost since managing such small quantities of wastes is both cost effective and beneficial to the owners of the company due to reduced overheads. Similarly, fossil fuels equally generate harmful solid and gaseous wastes but the environmental impact of the latter may be hefty compared to spent fuel from nuclear reactors. Nonetheless, none of the waste stream can be embraced in the environment. Both wastes are disastrous regardless of the point of source. The wastes produced by nuclear power have been found to bear the highest environmental costs i n comparison to other types of fuels. As already mentioned, the quantity of waste produced from nuclear plants may be quite small when a comparison is drawn with other type of fuels such as fossil fuels. However, if these wastes from spent fuels are not nipped at the bud, the impacts can be extreme. In fact, wastes generation during the production of nuclear energy should never be permitted into the environment at all costs. The waste streams can be handled from the point of production using two key options. To begin with, clean sources of energy, also known as renewable energy are usually in place just in case surplus power needs to be generated. In spite of these alternatives, each of the method of producing energy has its own environmental impact that cannot be avoided in the process of production and consumption of the resource. It is also vital to note that the environmental impacts of these alternative fuels may be positive or negative. The availability of these power generati on sources does not, however, solve the challenge of the ever-increasing power demands in United States. For a considerable length of time now, fossil fuels imported from foreign destination have been instrumental as the chief source of energy. At a time when there seems to be strain and over-reliance on fossil fuels, nuclear power seems to come in handy. Thus, the cost benefit analysis on the use of nuclear power and the projected environmental concerns are crucial in the evaluation of potentiality of nuclear power. Secondly, managing demand for power is critical in a bid to alleviate the environmental impacts of wastes generated from spent fuels in nuclear plants (Morris, 2007). It is definite that power generation is usually accompanied by wastes and the two components can be separate or discussed in isolation. In order to reduce nuclear power wastes, the demand for power should go down. Hence, reducing the demand for power will have a ripple effect on the quantity of wastes prod uced. One likely proposal would be to consume less energy so that the demand for the same is lowered. Consequently, wastes associated with power production will equally be lowered. Nonetheless, this will not address the challenge of economic development since myriad of outlets such as industrials plants and domestic settings will continue to demand for more energy as time progresses. When managing demand for energy, it is pertinent to acknowledge cycles for need ranges from the daily to seasonal basis. The pattern of fuel choice and use will be affected significantly if such consumption cycles are treated on a common platform or flattened altogether. The choice of fuel cannot be merged with managing demand for energy. However, the duo processes may as well complement each other. Indeed, the case of nuclear power being compared with fossil fuel is a critical example of this nature (Ramana, 2009). The base load, for instance, works well with nuclear power source. This base load refers to a state of stable demand for energy over a considerable length of time. Similarly, the cyclical demands for energy can be met using other source of energy like fossil fuels and hydropower. In line with this, it goes without saying that when nuclear power is put into perspective of cost benefit, it remains to be most reliable during both the peak and off-peak loads. Hence, when demand level s are leveled, the production of nuclear power may be favored. This can also be a viable way of regulating environment pollution arising from other sources. On the overall, nuclear energy is a growing contributor of US energy needs, contributing about 20% of the total energy requirement in this vast country. On a global scale, this form of energy accounts close to 14% of energy production. Although the United States and the world at large is still relying heavily on fossil fuel, the need to devise other alternative and clean sources of energy is ever beckoning. Is this agreement is implemented , then depending on unstable nations for crude oil resources will be reduced substantially. Besides, the cost of energy production will also go down. Hence, the additional spending on oil imports can be channeled to other areas of development agenda for the country. Although an alternative power generation is needed to supplement fossil fuel use, the undesirable impacts associated with other sources ought to be addressed beforehand so that the environmental impacts are brought to a level low. Situational analysis In 2005 alone, 86 quadrillion of crude oil was imported and consumed by the United States. The quantity of crude oil consumption has continued to grow exponentially even as demand skyrockets. The rate at which energy is being consumed does not match the production rate thereby leading to deficit. The last fifty years or so witnessed a near balance between the two parameters, namely energy consumption and production. In order to meet this difference, the Federal government h a to import crude oil resources. Sincerely speaking, energy exploration should be given a restart in the US. The reliability of nuclear energy is one the reasons why the United States should be boasting of rich uranium deposits. Generating power from radioactive elements such as uranium and polonium assures an uninterrupted supply of electric energy and hence, it is highly predictable both in terms of timing in availability and quantity demanded. The disposal of wastes generated from radioactive substances remains to be the strongest point in the use nuclear energy. United States has the best potential for producing nuclear power since it is well endowed with deposits of uranium. Premise One outstanding feature of nuclear power is that it can be accessed readily and easily. However, the United States government has not taken the full advantage of this resource as an option that can be employed in harnessing supplementary power. Several research studies have already concluded that nu clear energy is effective in terms of cost management. Moreover, this form of energy is quite worthwhile to invest in owing to well refined process of controlling environmental pollution of nuclear generated wastes. In addition, its sustainability is far beyond par since it can be relied on for a considerably long period of time. If adopted, it can generate adequate power alongside lowering cost of producing energy. Moreover, waste disposal procedures in nuclear plants are indeed phenomenon when addressing the cost benefit analysis of this form of energy. The key problem statement to be addressed in this paper is the identification of impacts of nuclear power as far as cost and benefit are concerned. The effect of this energy resource both economically and environmentally is vital in this discussion. When comparing nuclear energy with other sources of energy, the cost benefit analysis cannot be ignored since it gives the clearest picture. Wastes from nuclear plants Disposing of wast es from nuclear plants face various restrictions from the local, state and federal government. In order to impose these restrictions, myriad of elements are used. For instance, government regulation, enactment and enforcement of by-laws or legislations as well as owner commitment to dispose radioactive wastes are all channels through which waste disposal controls can be put into force. Hence, restrictions of this nature that govern waste disposal from nuclear plants reflects the public opinion on the best measure that can be employed in managing wastes based on their value as well as cost. It is highly likely that there will be opinion differences among different players or concerned members of the public on the best method to use to control wastes from nuclear reactors. In other words, the emission policies may not address the views of all those who are concerned with safe disposal of wastes and the environmental impacts of the same. The type and nature of wastes disposed from an e nergy production process often depicts the type of restriction imposed. Thus, environmental controls on waste disposal will largely depend on the type of power plant being used to produce energy. Besides, variations also exist in terms of level needed to regulate the emission of certain environmental pollutants. A crucial example is the effect of steam discharge from hot water, since it may significantly affect the normal temperature of the surrounding water bodies. In retrospect, it is paramount to note that nay slight change or variation of normal temperature of the nearby water bodies may adversely affect certain plant and animal species which are not accustomed to a warmer environment. Furthermore, the ecology of the affected water masses is altered. Consequently, policy issues emerge to debate on the impact of such discharges and whether corrective actions should be taken or not. When concerns of this nature are addressed in operating nuclear power plants, the nature of control s as well as costs required will be established. For instance, a cooling system that lowers the temperature of hot water can be put in place. Better still, the quantity of waste discharge to the environment can be stipulated in order to monitor how much in terms of pollution is let free in the environment and the degree of impact on plant and animal species. The spent fuel disposal is still the worst environmental fear for all nuclear plants used to generate power. Usually, the fission of process that involves splitting of radioactive nuclides does not pass through any heating stage. In practice, no single matter undergoes combustion since the entire process is oxidation-the loss of electrons by the atomic species in the radioactive nuclides. As a result, the process of nuclear fission is accompanied by minimal conversion of mass of the raw material to energy. From the point of insertion up to the eventual removal from the system, there are myriad of control measures that are put in place. The process of disposing solid and gaseous wastes is so strongest that the immediate environment is not affected negatively at all. The point at which the solid and gaseous toxic products are deposited is keenly monitored, making it cost effective to the environment in terms of pollution control. The adoption of strict disposal measures of nuclear wastes is indeed one of the reasons why the use of nuclear power to generate energy is an excellent option when seeking alternative sources of ‘clean’ energy (Suppes Storvick, 2007). The processes of generating power incorporate two main reactions namely nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. The two processes take place between the materials and the fuel units and are both accompanied by notable loss of heat energy with the emission of certain radioactive particles harmful to skin and the rest of the animal body (Hantula Voege, 2009). The accumulation of products obtained from fission (splitting) and fusion (joining) r esults into the spending of nuclear fuel. At this point, the nuclear fuel cannot generate any surplus power. There is a large amount of energy fuel which is not consumed in this process. However, there is need to investigate whether surplus fuel can be produced from the residues. The chemical and physical characteristics of the spent fuel are not similar I nay way. This difference is indeed necessary in the process of handling waste materials and disposing them before they exit the reactor. Nonetheless, the stages involved in the handling of these wastes do not come without a cost. There are expenses which are incurred and are part and parcel of the nuclear production overhead (Department of Energy, DOE., 1988). Spent fuel can be handled in different applying unique procedures. Hence, potential techniques are varied. For instance, recycling is one of the procedures used to eliminate or alleviate the toxicity of spent fuels which are already in form of wastes. The main advantage of r ecycling is that the process undertakes some form of reprocessing of raw materials that were not completely used up. Hence, recycling is an economically beneficial process that improves the viability of setting up a nuclear plant. When some the spent fuel is recycled, the environmental risk of the crude waste product is reduced significantly. The end product after reprocessing is less harmful and can be safely released into the environment. Another benefit of recycling is the increased output of the total energy production. There is minimal wastage of the raw materials that have been categorized as waste products. The approach being taken in the United States is that which entails burying down all the waste products collectively known as spent fuel. All waste products from radioactive reactors are perceived to be highly toxic and the best alternative of managing such wastes is to burry then deep underground. Although this procedure of disposing wastes seem to be viable, it may equal ly lack sustainability especially in situations whereby landfills are to be acquired separately for burying wastes. This will imply that the operators of nuclear plants will have to undergo additional expenses as part of the production costs. Both transmutation and recycling have not been adopted in totality since they are still under policy considerations. In addition, the two aforementioned processes will interfere with the timing, quantity, period and the nature of the very burials (Nunn Ebel, 2000). The operating costs of the nuclear plants will definitely be increased perhaps by substantial amount. Currently, the overall duty of disposing spent fuels from nuclear plants lies with the US Department of Energy. Well, this has been quite reliable source of funding although sustainability remains to be subject of concern owing to the on-going dispute over the legality and constitutionality of such charges. The burden of funding waste disposal program has been left to the public and the very funds have been considered to be a form of subsidy to the waste disposal initiative. It is important to note that the federal government involves itself directly in the nuclear waste disposal program than any other type of energy production program (OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, 2003). There are also concerns over the sufficiency of funds being raised by the public. The costs involved in the reprocessing of wastes may indeed go up with time. Worse still, if the nuclear energy production program is expanded by any means, the volume of nuclear wastes generated will equally increase (Findlay, 2010). This will be the case especially in a few years time since the demand for energy is continually increasing. Hence, nuclear energy generation may face lack of adequate funds in the foreseeable future. Should this happen, then the disposal of toxic nuclear wastes may be a gigantic challenge to the Department of Energy. Furthermore, as the cost of producing nuclear power may also be un predictable owing to factors such as inflation and economic recession. The Department for Energy in liaison with the federal government is currently a burial site for nuclear wastes in Nevada. Although much hope has been vested in acquiring this site, the court dispute is still raging and therefore the time when this site will be acquired is indefinite. Such controversies especially those regarding waste disposal mechanisms has remained to be a major challenge in the adoption of nuclear energy production as an alternative source of energy. Even as environmental concerns continue to bother the Department of Energy, the US energy demand is still an economic quagmire. As it is the case now, the status of nuclear waste disposal is pathetic. The use of temporary sites for disposing spent fuels from nuclear reactors is the order of the day. Hence, most of the wastes emitted from nuclear plants have not been disposed appropriately. The reprocessing of these wastes within the plant system s eems o be the most viable and readily used method as per now. Sooner or later, the alternate or temporary sites will be overwhelmed by the continual disposal unless lasting solution is sought in due time. Comparison The main forms of energy production are quite flexible and resilient in generating electricity. Although oil can be used to generate electricity, its high market cost as an imported product prohibits its use in the generation of electricity (Molak, 1997). As it is well known, the use of natural gas and coal poses gross environmental risks in spite of the fact each of these energy component has its own emission criteria. For instance, the amount of greenhouse gases emitted during the combustion of coal may not necessarily be the same although both of them are pollutants in the environment. When nuclear power is used to generate electricity, a clear distinction can be drawn right from the outset. There are vivid environmental pollution levels when all of these energy compo nents are used to reduce power. When coal is used, there is a possibility of choosing between cal that contains high and low contents of sulfur alongside other emissions. Similarly, the use of fossil fuels also allows differences in emission levels. These variations may be tagged on the type of burners used, the level of technology employed as well as the apparatus used to monitor and control emission levels. The application of emission allowances as enshrined in the Clean Air Act adopted in 1990 can be a real booster in nuclear waste management. Since 2002, there have been plans to include nuclear power plants in the emission allowances that are applicable with plants that emit oxides of nitrogen. In spite of the low volume of these allowances, it may indeed save a lot in terms of emissions that are usually avoided in totality (Eisenbud Gessell, 1997) Emission levels have been set up by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to act as a guide to nuclear and other power generati ng plants. For example, for each 1 MWh of electricity produced, coal plants should not exceed the cap of 2249 of carbon dioxide while for oil plants; the maximum allowable emission is 1135 by volume. The remaining pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and the oxides of nitrogen also have their emission levels which cannot be exceed by operators. However, nuclear plant reactors are not emitted to emit any waste products to the environment, whether the pollutant is considered to be mild or less severe. The reason given behind this prohibition is that any allowable emission to the environment emanating from nuclear wastes may contain traces of radioactive substances known to be highly devastating even after being deposited for a long period of time. The radioactive wastes can still initiate chain reactions millions of years after emission to the ambient environment (Eisenbud Paschoa, 1989). This also explains the reason why the residues emanating from nuclear wastes are buried deep underg round so that the elements do not move to the surface and cause health havoc such as gene mutation in animals. Hence, nuclear power plants should be operated in a very sensitive manner right from the time raw materials are fed into the reactor up to the time period when waste products are being disposed. The quantity of spent fuel produced by nuclear power on an annual basis is estimate at 2,000 metric tons. This quantity is far much less than the stipulated allowable emission levels per every Megawatt hour of electricity produced. This implies that even though the environmental effects of spent fuel can be devastating, nuclear plants emit quite a marginal amount of these wastes to the environment. From this perspective, it is likely that a nuclear plant which operates in more than 90% of the total duration and has a capacity of one thousand MWe, waste generation from this plant will be approximately 46,000 lbs per year translating close to 23 tones. From this evidence, it implies t hat the amount of wastes generated from a nuclear plant per annum is relatively small compared to other forms of energy production. However, the challenge remains how adequately and satisfactorily these wastes can be disposed to avoid pollution of the immediate environment. When the same quantity of electricity is generated from coal, over three hundred thousand tons of waste products in form of ashy residues will be formed. This will translate to about ten prevent of coal burnt. the process of srubbing is used to remove ash impurities. This marks the main difference between the volume of waste products generated in nuclear plants and other forms of energy generation (Simon, 2007). It is possible to make resolutions and change to nuclear fuel from fossil fuel. However, this will rely on the type of fuel being substituted and the emission which is of great significance. Airborne emissions emanating from nuclear power plants and other sources of energy such as coal have common signifi cance throughout. There has been a gradual decline in the building of new nuclear plants since the past three decades or so. By 1996, one nuclear power plant was completed in United States in spite of the fact that there are pending building licenses of nuclear plants (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, NCRP, 2004). There is much hope that yet another nuclear plant will be constructed soon to supplement energy production in meeting high demand. The decline has not been without a cause. For instance, the associated expenses and overheads required to erect new power plants is quite high. The capital required for this investment is huge and as a result, it has prohibited the development of new nuclear sites. In addition to the element of cost, the risks involved in the constructing and running of nuclear power plants are overwhelming. As much as there is increasing demand for energy resources, the returns on nuclear power plants may not be significant especially at the initial stages of production due to the fact that management of wastes from spend fuel is a costly affair. Besides, waste disposal is a mandatory requirement in nuclear plants and as such, the operating costs may remain all time high, thereby jeopardizing operations. Building fossil fuel plants as well as coal plants has been quite easy in terms of cost compared to the construction of nuclear plants (Diesendorf, 2007). There are highly charged views over the possibility of alleviating greenhouse gas emissions through the adoption of nuclear power generation. Acidic gases, solid wastes and metallic particles have been a concern for a lengthy period of time. There seems to be concurrence that greenhouse gas emissions can indeed be reduced when nuclear power generation is given a serious thought instead of over-relying on fossil fuels (Sovacool, 2010). Furthermore, the emission of acidic gases like the oxides of sulfur and nitrogen will significantly go down if fossil fuels suc h as coal and oil are sufficiently replaced with energy production using nuclear power. Although the cost benefit analysis of setting up a nuclear plant reveals hefty financial risk, the overall result is definitively impressive. The other side of the coin must also be analyzed. When fossil fuel is replaced with nuclear power, the quantity of nuclear spent will be higher, necessitating the need for further disposal. The control technologies for regulating emissions from nuclear power plants is yet another option that can reduce or completely eliminate the release of harmful waste products to the environment. Environmental effects Right from the initial stage of construction, a nuclear power plant is a real source of noise disturbance to the neighboring community. However, this kind of disturbance is quite common in most industrial establishments (Leeuwen Smith, 2003). For instance, the increase in traffic flow, digging of natural sites trough excavations by heavy machinery, destroy ing of the natural ecosystem by interfering of plant and animal habitats are likely to be experienced whenever a nuclear power plant is being constructed. There are instances when the natural environment is completely defaced, leaving bare ground, deep valleys and rugged surfaces. Nonetheless, it is vital for an environmental impact assessment to be carried out before such construction works begin. This type of assessment will ascertain any mitigation measures that need to be taken or put in place in order to reduce damage to the terrestrial and aquatic environment. An impact assessment to the environment is carried out by environmental experts and a report outlining some of the measures to be taken as the construction goes on is released to the contractor (Diesendorf, 2008). To begin with, the selection of a nuclear power plant site is an important step to take. A carefully selected site will by far and large, minimize the effects of these negative impacts to the environment. For i nstance, it is highly recommended that a nuclear power plant be located away from human settlement. Residential places should not be positioned within the vicinity of nuclear plants. Another environmental impact of nuclear power plants is the thermal discharges that emanates from heat that has not been used in the process of driving the turbines. Both the fossil fuel and heat generated from fission and fusion in the reactor are not conducive to the environment. Complications arising from reproduction, growth and development of initial stages of tiny animal species like insects as well as children and adults. In order to address this environmental problem, there are regulatory agencies whose main role is to set up standards regarding water temperature and the associated discharges being released into the environment (New Nuclear Energy Agency, 2008). The aquatic populations may also undergo demise due to exposure to extremely hot discharges. The transmission lines that are highly vis ible is a common sight in locations where nuclear power plants have been located. These lines serve the purpose of transmitting electricity at very high voltage. Although underground cable can be used t transmit electricity from the source of production to various destinations, such an undertaking is not economically feasible and may as well translate into a financial risk. Hence, the net returns on nuclear power projects may be hampered by not only the cost of transmitting electric power from one location to another, but also the impact posed to the environment by the transmission lines such as accidents, requirement of additional space to erect power lines and so on (Benduhn, 2009). The ionizing radiation emanating from nuclear reactors is indeed the man cause of worry when generating power using nuclear power. Strict monitoring of the power generating plant is necessary at all times. Any slight leakage from the system may lead to hum exposure to high power penetrating radiation s uch as gamma rays and beta particles. In particular, the former has a very high penetrating power and can render the victim dead or with complications after a short period of exposure. In summing up, it is vital to reiterate that the cost-benefit analysis of the environmental impacts of nuclear power generation reveals that in spite the high cost of establishing a nuclear plant in addition to the exaggerated costs of managing wastes in from of spent fuel, this form of energy production is a potential alternative to fossil fuels such as oil, gas and coal. The total volume of waste products generated by a nuclear plant per annum has also been found to be significantly low compared to other forms of energy production. Nonetheless, the most satisfying way of managing these wastes is still a challenge up to date. The high cost of installing subsidiary systems within the nuclear plant to eliminate toxic wastes requires and additional capital investment (Sovacool, 2008). Furthermore, nucle ar power generating plants are by far and large considered most convenient in the production of energy compared to coal or oil resources. The major disadvantage in terms of cost benefit analysis remains to be the relatively high cost required to set up the plant as well as maintenance costs. Of great importance in any nuclear plant is the ability to isolate waste without releasing any amount into the ambient environment. Finally, if waste disposal methods such as burial and reprocessing can be applied to the latter, the negative environmental impacts of this form of energy production can be feasible and highly reliable when demand is low or high. References Benduhn, T. (2009). Nuclear Power, New York: Gareth Stevens Inc. Department of Energy, DOE. (1988). Data Base for 1988: Spent Fuel and Radioactive Waste Inventories, Projections and Characteristics. DOE/RW-0006, Rev. 4. Washington, D. C. Diesendorf, M. (2007). Greenhouse Solutions with Sustainable Energy, Sydney: University of Ne w South Wales Press. Diesendorf, M. (2008). Is nuclear energy a possible solution to global warming? Web. Eisenbud, E. Gessell, T. (1997). Environmental Radioactivity from Natural, Industrial, and Military Sources, Fourth edition, Academic Press, San Diego. Eisenbud, E. Paschoa, A. S. (1989 ). Environmental radioactivity, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, A280, 470-482. Findlay, T. (2010). The Future of Nuclear Energy to 2030 and its Implications for Safety, Security and Nonproliferation: Overview, The Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI), Ontario: Waterloo. Hantula, R. Voege, D. (2009). Nuclear Power, New York: Infobase Publishing. Leeuwen, V.S. Smith, P. (2003). Nuclear Power - The Energy Balance. Web. Molak, V. (1997). Fundamentals of Risk Analysis and Risk Management, New York: CRC Press Inc. Morris, N. (2007). Nuclear Power, MN: smart Apple Media. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, NCRP. (2004). Radiological asse ssment: predicting the transport, bioaccumulation, and uptake by man of radionuclides released to the environment, NCRP, Bethesda. New Nuclear Energy Agency. (2008). Nuclear Energy Outlook 2008, New York: AEN NEA. Nunn, S. Ebel, E.R. (2000). Managing the global nuclear materials threat: a report of the CSIS Nuclear materials management,Washington D.C.: CSIS Press. OECD Nuclear Energy Agenc. (2003). Nuclear energy today, Issue 964, New York: AEN NEA. Ramana, M.V. (2009). Nuclear Power: Economic, Safety, Health, and Environmental Issues of Near-Term Technologies, Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 34: 127 -152. Simon, A.C. (2007). Alternative energy: political, economic, and social feasibility Plymouth: Rowman LittleField. Sovacool, B. K. (2010). A Critical Evaluation of Nuclear Power and Renewable Electricity in Asia. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 40(3), 369-400. Sovacool, B.K. (2008). The costs of failure: A preliminary assessment of major energy accidents, 1907–20 07, Energy Policy, 36 (5): 1802-1820. Suppes, J.G. Storvick, S.T. (2007). Sustainable nuclear power, Burlington: Elsevier.

How has supply chain impacted Food security Assignment

How has supply chain impacted Food security - Assignment Example Moreover, drastic climate changes have become common due to the rising global warming. To ensure food security, it is necessary that innovations be made in the food production, storage and distribution processes. Resources need to be utilized effectively and in constrained manner to determine the boundaries of future food production environment. Improving food security is also necessary for economic development of nations since hungry workers cannot be productive. Almost 75 percent of global population lives in rural areas and are dependant on agriculture. Enhanced food security can help them fight poverty and make them resilient so that they can participate in economic activities. Global food crisis leads to rising food price, and in recent years food price inflation has sparked political demonstrations in many countries leading to national and regional instabilities (Sustainable economic development, 2011, p.3). Shortage of food and difficulty in distribution process are common ele ments in many countries especially in the developing countries. This leads to chronic hunger among a large proportion of global population resulting in malnutrition, higher infant mortality rates and premature deaths due to failure of vital body organs. That growing commodity prices have become a matter of grave concern has been accepted by the United Nations through its warning that there is paucity of funds to curb global malnutrition in this â€Å"new face of hunger† (Borger, 2008). The head of UN’s World Food Programme (WFP), Josette Sheeran has expressed concern that an extra half billion dollars is needed to bring the situation under control. The major causes that have been recognized are huge disparities of income between developed and developing countries, usage of land for production of biofuel, drastic climate changes etc (Borger, 2008). The first part of this paper focuses on food security systems of five nations, and the second part discusses the impact of supply chain on food security programs. Section I Food Security According to the World Food Summit of 1996, food security is â€Å"when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life† (WHO, 2013). In other words, food security ensures that nutritious food is affordable and easily accessible to all sections of the world population to satisfy both their dietary requirements and food preferences. In reality, malnutrition and diarrhea have become common food related problems in most countries. Food security is essentially based on three pillars which are availability, accessibility and nutrition. This means food must be consistently available at reasonable prices to all people, there should be sufficient resources for all people so that they can access all food items, and there should be knowledge and awareness about proper nutrition and care (World Bank[1], 2009, p.14). Global experiences and events Persistent incre ase of food prices every year all over the world is a major contributory factor for global food crisis. UN’s WFP is assisted by voluntary contributions and it provides basic food items to 78 million people in 73 countries which is not even one-tenth of the total malnourished population of the world. In 2008, WFP’s budget was ?1.5 bn which was not even sufficient for maintaining existing food supplies because of rapid

GNLD and its product Nutritional Supplements Assignment

GNLD and its product Nutritional Supplements - Assignment Example It is through the fast changing health industry that new ways and methods of diagnosis and promotion of better health has been implemented. All these proceedings have brought about patient care, worker efficiency, and hence better health. To achieve these objectives, several companies like GNLD, which manufacture and sell nutritional food supplements, have been introduced. This product has however been impacted by market forces as discussed in this paper. Degree of Rivalry With the increased need for better health, and the extensive research being carried out in the health industry, rival firms have increased competition drawing the profits that GNLD used to make initially. This has made the competition imperfect; hence, each other firm is struggling to achieve competitive advantage and a higher market share than its rival company. In addition, the controversy on the quality of products of the increasing nutritional food supplements companies and slowed down the market growth. This h as consequently led to need for storage of the products hence high cost. Further, some of the products are perishable thus; the company decides to sell the products at relatively lower prices. The exit barrier in any health related firms are high. This is because the costs of plants and machinery cannot be forgone thus the firm decides to keep competing no matter the state in the market. Though successful, GNLD has been forced to keep competing due to this factor (http://www.mlm-home-business-training.com/GNLD-Int-mlm-leaders-call-team-money-training-scheme-scam/secretsuccess.htm). Threats of Substitutes In a free market economy, restriction of entry into, and exit out of the market is not prohibited. This means that competitors with related commodities will venture in to the market. This threat will definitely occur since the demand of the products of GNLD has been affected by the prices changes in substitute product. For instance, a survey carried out in Kenya showed that GNLD pro ducts are highly affected by the prices from TIASHI, a competing food supplement company. From the research, it was found out that to become part of the marketing team in GNLD, a sum close to $36 is required then the individual should purchase products of high value. For TIASHI, a sum of $18 is required and the initial purchase is relatively lower. This determines the prices at which each the products are sold. Evidently, the close substitute products have constrained the ability of GNLD to raise prices (http://www.healthybusiness.co.za/GNLD%20Products%20Guide/introduction/i3.html). Buyers bargaining power This is the power potential buyers have on any industry that is producing commodities. In many market structures, the forces of demand and supply determine prices of commodities. It is obvious that buyers will expect such market structures. Since GNLD does not exist as a monopoly, the prices at which the food supplements are sold should be dependant of the market mechanisms. On th e contrary, the food supplements from GNLD have fixed prices. The only advantage extended to the buyer is the ability to buy smaller quantities. This means that the buyer does not have bargaining power. It is thus possible in such a case to shift to other substitutes which give the

Blue Front Essay Example for Free

Blue Front Essay Martha Collins, the author of Blue Front lived in Cairo, Illinois. Blue Front is the fifth volume of poems that she has written. Blue Front relays the eye witnessing of his father when he was five years old and used to sell fruit in the front of Blue Front Restaurant in 1909. One day when he was working, he was attracted towards the crowd where a black man was being lynched. That Black man was accused of raping and strangling of a White woman by a mob of Whites. Later, when the Black man was still alive, he was dragged and shot and then buried. His body parts were cut as souvenirs. In the same event due to escalation a White man was also then hanged who was also accused of raping. This whole situation portrays the racing factors that were present in America at that. At one place she writes one verse in Blue Front (2006) as, â€Å"the victim hanged, though not on a tree, this was not the country, they used a steel arch with electric lights, and later a lamppost, this was a modern event, the trees were not involved† Throughout the poem Martha has made the reader to search for the main idea which she has tried to give in the poems. The poems are low in syntax settings and many grammatical mistakes, but still if the reader indulges himself he can get the theme quite easily. Martha has written the poems thinking her in the place of his father and has provided all the information keeping his father as an eye witness. She says that moment was terrifying as a young child. Starting to look at the racism is its peak was quite heavy for him to swallow. The verse free narration of the poem varies from page to page for its style and rhythm which sometime make abrupt changes in the mood of the poem. All the verses clearly state the hatred of the mob that was taking part in the lynching of the Black person. She tries to perceive the mentality of the mob, but she just thinks that those people didn’t want to know anything until the person they are lynching is a Black. She feels for the Blacks of that time when the racism was active in Southern parts of Illinois and in all other parts of the country. White people used to lynch the Blacks for small accusations. The lynching was made a custom at that time and Whites used to bring their children as well to teach them the ways of lynching and how they should treat Blacks. Martha also states in her poem that how she feels to be a part of this White nation who has a history of being racist and is still continuing to be so. Even her father after that incident was very careful in his dealings with the Blacks and stayed away from them all his life and went to settle at the places where the whole community is White. Martha feels sorry for herself on this treatment of human kind. She however, don’t lose hope and in the end she gives a message that the life can be made better if we all work collectively. She says that everyone has the right to live freely and no one should object this. She knows that America is still experiencing racism in various parts where the Blacks still don’t have the right to live free. It is our responsibility to make world better place for living. We should abolish this from the face of earth to make it a better place for living. Works Cited Collins, Martha. Blue Front: Poems. New York: Graywolf Press, 2006.

Discuss Stevenson’s portrayal of the dual nature of man’s personality :: English Literature:

Discuss Stevenson’s portrayal of the dual nature of man’s personality in the novel: Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Robert Louis Stevenson’s novel â€Å"The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† was deeply influenced by a number of diverse factors. Stevenson came from a family with a history of lawyers, doctors and other similar professions. His nanny was a very devoted Christian and from a young age used to teach him wrong from right. The novel was based on a nightmare he had and he constructed it from there. Another factor is Darwin’s theory of evolution; in â€Å"The origin of species† published in 1859 in it he states that men are descended from apes. Another factor which very much influenced Stevenson’s portrayal of the duality of man was Sigmund Freud’s psychological theory. laws. According to Freud, we are all born with our own id, an important part of our personality because it allows us to get our basic needs met. Freud believed that the id is based on our pleasure principle. In other words, the id wants whatever feels good at the time, with no consideration for the reality of the situation. A good example of this is a baby; the id is dominant in his personality, when he wants food, it cries. During the Victorian era however people found it very hard to believe these theories as they went against natural In the novel Dr. Jekyll is like an ego the outer part of you which everyone sees and Mr. Hyde is like the id the part of us we all try to suppress as it is unacceptable in society. When the id wants something, nothing else is important. The novel â€Å"The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† was published in 1886 during the Victorian times. It was originally intended as a frightening Christmas tale. The protagonist in this novel is a man who has a dual identity. The title "Jekyll and Hyde" sounds like seek and hide which might indicate what the story is about and why those characters have those names. Perhaps Stevenson advocates that throughout the book a game of hide and seek is being played this creates a feeling of mystery and suspense and the reader is continually captivated. Dr Jekyll created Mr. Hyde in his somewhat warped view that the soul is made up of two separate divisions: the good and the bad his mission was to find a drug that separates the two so that they two do not have to live in constant competition. We can tell that Stevenson used Freud’s ideas in when he says; â€Å"The man is Discuss Stevenson’s portrayal of the dual nature of man’s personality :: English Literature: Discuss Stevenson’s portrayal of the dual nature of man’s personality in the novel: Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Robert Louis Stevenson’s novel â€Å"The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† was deeply influenced by a number of diverse factors. Stevenson came from a family with a history of lawyers, doctors and other similar professions. His nanny was a very devoted Christian and from a young age used to teach him wrong from right. The novel was based on a nightmare he had and he constructed it from there. Another factor is Darwin’s theory of evolution; in â€Å"The origin of species† published in 1859 in it he states that men are descended from apes. Another factor which very much influenced Stevenson’s portrayal of the duality of man was Sigmund Freud’s psychological theory. laws. According to Freud, we are all born with our own id, an important part of our personality because it allows us to get our basic needs met. Freud believed that the id is based on our pleasure principle. In other words, the id wants whatever feels good at the time, with no consideration for the reality of the situation. A good example of this is a baby; the id is dominant in his personality, when he wants food, it cries. During the Victorian era however people found it very hard to believe these theories as they went against natural In the novel Dr. Jekyll is like an ego the outer part of you which everyone sees and Mr. Hyde is like the id the part of us we all try to suppress as it is unacceptable in society. When the id wants something, nothing else is important. The novel â€Å"The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† was published in 1886 during the Victorian times. It was originally intended as a frightening Christmas tale. The protagonist in this novel is a man who has a dual identity. The title "Jekyll and Hyde" sounds like seek and hide which might indicate what the story is about and why those characters have those names. Perhaps Stevenson advocates that throughout the book a game of hide and seek is being played this creates a feeling of mystery and suspense and the reader is continually captivated. Dr Jekyll created Mr. Hyde in his somewhat warped view that the soul is made up of two separate divisions: the good and the bad his mission was to find a drug that separates the two so that they two do not have to live in constant competition. We can tell that Stevenson used Freud’s ideas in when he says; â€Å"The man is